The type and specification of the crushing equipment must be adapted to the physical properties of the ore, to meet the processing capacity and product granularity requirements, and to consider factors in equipment configuration. The physical properties related to ore crushing performance are mainly ore hardness, density, viscosity, clay content, moisture and maximum particle size in the ore. The relationship between the maximum grain size of the ore and the width of the crusher feed is one of the main factors in selecting the crusher specifications. For coarse crushers, the maximum particle size of the ore should not be greater than 0.8~0.85 of the width of the ore supply; for medium and fine crushers, it should not be greater than 0.85~0.9.
First, the choice of coarse crushing equipment
Metal ore mining mineral processing plant is generally treated hard or hard minerals, the choice of suitable jaw crusher or gyratory crusher; In certain non-metallic minerals in the cement industry, when a hard or soft mineral processing, also A counter crusher can be used.
Jaw crusher has a wide range of applications, and large, medium and small concentrators can be used. The main advantages of the jaw crusher are: simple structure, light weight, low price, easy maintenance and transportation, small height and low plant height; in terms of process, it is reliable, and the discharge port is convenient and broken. Wet ore and ore containing more clay are less likely to clog. The main disadvantages are: the lining is easy to wear, the processing volume is lower than that of the gyratory crusher, the product granularity is uneven and the oversize is large, and the uniform feeding is required, and the equipment is required to be supplied to the mining equipment .
The gyratory crusher is a high crushing capacity equipment, mainly used in large and medium-sized concentrators. Compared with the jaw crusher, the main advantage is that the processing capacity is large, and the processing capacity is 2.5~3.0 times of the jaw crusher under the same width of the mine mouth and the discharge port; the power consumption is less; the crushing chamber lining The board wears evenly and the product size is uniform; the gyratory crusher with the specification of 900mm or more can be filled with ore, and no mining equipment is needed. The main disadvantages are: the equipment is more complex in construction, the weight of the equipment is large, the foundation is required to be strong, the body is high, and the factory building is required.
The domestic rotary crusher has the common type and the light type. The light type is generally only suitable for the ore with low hardness and low density such as broken limestone ore. In addition, there are two jaw crushers and gyratory crushers suitable for use under special conditions. One is a large-body hoisting crusher, suitable for crushing operations in underground mines; the other is semi-fixed or mobile crusher, suitable for rock or ore crushing in regular or irregular moving positions in open pit mines. operation.
For large and medium-sized concentrating plants, before determining the use of jaw crushers or gyratory crushers, technical and economic comparisons should be made from the aspects of total equipment weight, installation power, capital investment, operating expenses, equipment configuration and process operation and disadvantages. .
At present, the largest size jaw crusher manufactured and used in production is 1500mm×2100mm, and the largest size gyratory crusher is 1400mm/220mm. Shenyang Heavy Machinery Plant introduced the American Fuller Company's rotary crusher technology, with a maximum scale of 1829mm. Many foreign manufacturers produce 颚 type and gyratory crusher, whose structural parameters and technical performance are not the same. They should be selected according to the manufacturer's data and actual production data.
Second, the choice of medium and fine crushed equipment
For medium and fine crushing equipment for crushing hard ore and medium hard ore, cone crusher is generally used: medium crushing is standard type; fine crushing is short type; small and medium concentrator adopts two-stage crushing process, and the second section is medium-sized cone crusher. . In order to match the capacity of the small coarse crusher jaw crusher, a compound pendulum type jaw crusher can be used. The friable ore can be used with a counter roll or a counter or hammer crusher .
The cone crusher is widely used in the concentrator because of its reliable production, large crushing force and large processing capacity. The cone crusher has two types: spring cone crusher and hydraulic cone crusher. Compared with the spring cone crusher, the hydraulic cone crusher is easy to achieve iron protection and automatic adjustment, and the weight and shape and size are small, but the manufacture and maintenance of the hydraulic and moving cone support structure are more complicated. Since both crushers have their own characteristics, they are widely used and developed at home and abroad.
In recent years, in order to reduce the particle size of crushed products, many improvements have been made to the cone crusher at home and abroad. Allis Chalmers Company of the United States has manufactured a small eccentricity and high swing speed hydraulic cone crushing distortion. This technology has been introduced for Shenyang Nonferrous Metallurgical Machinery General Factory. The US company Rexnord has built the Symons spring cone crusher (including the super heavy cone crusher (SXHD)) and the screw type (Gyradisc) crusher, which has been introduced for the Shenyang Heavy Machinery Plant. The former Soviet Union developed the inertia cone crusher (KиД), which achieved good results. The crushing ratio can be 10~15 in the open-circuit crushing operation.
The roller crushing mechanism is simple, the product granularity is small (up to 1~2mm) and uniform, but the production capacity is low, the floor space is large, the roller wears quickly and unevenly, and is generally only used for treating brittle ore or requiring reduction of over-grinding. Small and medium-sized concentrators, for example, in the re-election plant for the selection of tungsten- tin ore, for the crushing of intermediates.
Counter-attack and hammer crushers are suitable for medium or hard brittle ores such as limestone, pyrite, asbestos , coke, coal, etc. The utility model has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, large crushing ratio, low power consumption, large processing capacity, uniform product granularity and selective crushing effect; the disadvantage is that the plate hammer and the counterattack plate are easy to wear, need to be replaced frequently, and the noise is relatively large. . The crushing ratio of the impact crusher is generally 15~25, which can complete the tasks of medium and fine crushing in two stages at one time. It is widely used in non-metallic mines and coal industry.
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