China's rare earth mining has been in a disordered state for a long time. There is no technology mining, indiscriminate mining, mining and abandonment of poverty, low comprehensive recovery rate, serious waste of resources, and environmental pollution and ecological crisis. At the same time, China's rare earth beneficiation technology has developed slowly in recent years, and there are still problems of high production cost, low concentrate quality, low recovery rate, low comprehensive utilization level of useful components of rare earth resources and associated minerals.
The reserves of rare earth resources in China are limited, but the waste of resources is seriously combined with the backwardness of rare earth sorting technology. Therefore, scientific research should be accelerated to make full use of precious rare earth resources. At present, the research and development direction of rare earth beneficiation is to reduce the cost of industrial production of rare earth concentrates, improve the grade and recovery rate of rare earth concentrates, and at the same time do a good job in environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. Therefore, reducing costs, improving grades, increasing recovery rate, and improving resource utilization are the development directions of rare earth beneficiation in China, mainly from three aspects: process, pharmaceuticals and equipment.
Process: According to the chemical composition, ore properties, occurrence state, ore structure, mineral selectivity and ore dressing method of rare earth materials, the corresponding mineral processing process is formulated; for the introduction and application of new chemicals and equipment, corresponding The new rare earth beneficiation process will be born: the combined process of heavy-magnetic, heavy-floating, magnetic-floating will be the main content of the research.
Pharmacy: The collector required for rare earth production not only has strong collection ability and good selection performance, but also has the characteristics of low price and low dosage . Therefore, the research of rare earth beneficiation agents should start from the following points:
1) Reduce the production cost. At present, the commonly used reagent for rare earth sorting is hydroxamic acid, which is expensive. Therefore, other pharmaceuticals and suitable industrial production methods are tried in production to reduce the cost of concentrate.
2) The study of the structure of the agent, the length of the hydrophobic group of the collector has a great influence on the collection ability and selectivity, so the length of the hydrophobic group should be noted when synthesizing the collector.
3) Synthetic agents, synergistic effects between agents will have a positive impact on the flotation process, more and more selection plants recognize the limitations of single agents, and get huge benefits from the practice of combination drugs.
Equipment: With the advancement of rare earth beneficiation technology, heavy magnetic floating equipment is continuously developed and developed. The re-election equipment is developed in the direction of small footprint, large processing capacity and high efficiency. The magnetic separation equipment needs high-intensity magnetic field, and the magnetic separator is simple to operate. The development and development of flotation equipment should also be small. The flotation machine with large processing capacity and high operating rate, such as the full-section airlift microbubble flotation machine developed by Yantai Xinhai Mining Machinery Co., Ltd., has full-section inlet inflation, a large amount of microbubbles, high adhesion rate and energy saving up to 80 %, from the technical innovation to reduce energy consumption, for the development of equipment has set an example.
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