Principle of electrification
Take the drum type electric separator shown in Figure 5-1 as an example. The drum is grounded, and the drum is connected with a high-voltage DC negative-sharp electrode. This electrode discharges against the drum surface to generate a corona electric field. The mineral falls to the drum surface and enters the corona electric field. At this time, both the conductor and the non-conductor mineral can obtain a negative charge (if the electrode is positive, the ore is positively charged), but due to the different electrical properties of the two, the charge obtained by the conductor ore is immediately passed through the drum to the ground. It is transmitted and is subjected to centrifugal force and gravitational force generated by the rotation of the drum, and falls in front of the drum. The non-conducting ore particles are different. Because of their poor conductivity, the obtained electric charge cannot be immediately transmitted away, and even cannot be transported for a long time. It is adsorbed on the drum surface and brought to the rear, and then forced to brush down with a brush. In the mine bucket, the trajectory of the two is obviously different, so it can be separated. It can be seen that to achieve electrical separation, the first is related to the electrical properties of the mineral and the high-voltage electric field, as well as the mechanical force, ie
For conductor ore, Σf machine>f electricity
For non-conductor ore particles, f electric > Σ f machine
At present, electrical selection mainly has the following applications.
(1) Selection of colored, black and rare metal ores, for example, white tungsten and cassiterite
From; separation of magnetite, hematite, chrome ore, manganese ore; tantalum and niobium ore, iron ore, gold
Separation of red stone and monazite; sorting of gold, etc.
(2) separation of non-metallic minerals such as quartz, feldspar sorting; graphite, diamond, apatite, coal and asbestos sorting.
(3) Production of ultra-pure iron concentrates For example, the use of electric selection to produce high-quality iron concentrates containing Fe greater than 66% and containing SiO2 less than 3% is advantageous for reducing coke ratio, saving energy and reducing costs. .
(4) The classification of various materials can be classified according to the shape and particle size of the materials.
(5) Sorting of broken metal powder and fine particles in other insulating materials.
(6) Removal of non-ferrous metal materials from plastics.
(7) Recovery of useful metals such as copper and aluminum from municipal solid waste.
(8) Selection of grain and other cereals to remove impure debris.
(9) Sorting of tea leaves.
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